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Bharat Ratna:
India's highest civilian award given for
exceptional service towards the advancement of Art, Literature and
Science, and in recognition of public service of the highest order.
It was established by the President of India, in 2nd January 1954.
The regulations were revised 8 January 1955 (to alter the design)
and amended 26 January 1957 (to alter the depiction of the devices
on the obverse and reverse). From 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980,
awards of the Bharat Ratna were suspended.
The original specifications for the award
called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun
and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below.
The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be
worn around the neck from a 2 inches white ribbon. There is no indication
that any specimens of this design were ever produced and one year
later the design was altered.
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Recipients of Bharat Ratna
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Year
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Year
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C Rajagopalachari (1878-1972)
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1954
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Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975)
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1954
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Dr.
C.V. Raman (1888-1970)
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1954
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Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1958)
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1955
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Dr. M. Visvesvaraya (1861-1962)
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1955
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Jawaharlal
Nehru (1889-1964)
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1955
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Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961)
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1957
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Dr. Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962)
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1958
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Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962)
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1961
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Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962)
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1961
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963)
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1962
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Dr.
Zakir Hussain (1897-1969)
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1963
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Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972)
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1963
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Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966) (Posthumous))
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1966
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Dr.
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984)
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1971
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Varahagiri Venkatagiri (V.V. Giri) (1 884-1980)
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1975
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Kumaraswami Kamraj (1903-1975) (Posthumous)
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1976
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Mother
Teresa (1910-1997)
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1980
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Acharya Vinobha Bhave (1895-1982)
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1983
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Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988)
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1987
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Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (1917-1987) (Posthumous)
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1988
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Dr.
Bhim Rao Ramji (B.R) Ambedkar (1891-1956) (Posthumous)
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1990
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Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (1918- )
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1990
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Rajiv
Gandhi (1944-1991) (Posthumous)
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1991
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Sardar Vallabhai Patel (1875-1950)
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1991
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Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1869-1995)
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1991
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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958) (Posthumous)
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1992
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Jahangir
Ratanji Dadabhai (J.R.D) Tata (1904-1993)
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1992
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Satyajit
Ray (1922-1992)
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1992
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Aruna Asaf Ali (1909-1996) (Posthumous)
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1997
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Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) (Posthumous)
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1997
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Dr.
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931-)
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1997
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Madurai
Shanmukhavadivu (M.S) Subbalakshmi (1916- )
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1998
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Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000)
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1998
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Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan ( 1902-1979) (Posthumous)
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1999
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Professor
Amartya Sen (1933- )
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1999
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Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (1890-1950) (Posthumous)
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1999
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Pandit
Ravi Shankar (1920-)
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1999
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Lata
Mangeshkar (1929- )
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2001
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Bissmillah Khan (1916- )
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2001
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